In a Dial-a-Ride system, a fleet of vehicles without fixed routes and schedules carries people from their pick-up point to their delivery point. Pre-specified time windows must be respected, and service levels for passengers as well as operation costs should be optimized. The resulting routing...

This paper studies a strategic supply chain management problem to design reliable networks that perform as well as possible under normal conditions, while also performing relatively well when disruptions strike. We present a mixed-integer programming model whose objective is to minimize the...