This paper studies a buy-back contract between a buyer and a backup supplier when the buyer's main supplier experiences disruptions. The expected profit functions and the optimal decisions of the contract players are derived through a sequential optimization process. The common properties of the...

This research focuses on the decisions on recovery services to deal with short-term disruptions in public tram systems. The disruption recovery approach used in Munich, Germany – the best service acclaimed by the public, is adopted as the basis to examine whether to collaborate with a taxi...