This paper describes an integrated model that jointly optimizes the strategic and tactical decisions of a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). The strategic level decisions relate to the amounts of goods flowing on the forward and reverse chains. The tactical level decisions concern balancing...

This paper investigates a number of operational and environmental performance measures, in particular those related to transportation operations, within a closed-loop supply chain. A mathematical model in the form of a linear programming formulation is used to model the problem, which captures...