This paper articulates the hypothesis that there is an optimal size of knowledge pools. Too little a density of innovation activities reduces the accessibility of external knowledge. Too large a density enhances congestion and reduces appropriability. Firms can benefit from actual increasing...

The paper investigates the effects of agglomeration and specialization of technological activities on regional productivity growth, applying the notion of pecuniary knowledge externalities. The latter are indirect interdependencies between firms mediated by the price system. Pecuniary knowledge...

The paper adopts a complexity perspective to understand the transformations in the organizational forms that coordinate the generation and dissemination of technological knowledge within firms. Complexity theory provides the framework to understand the evolution and transformation of economic...