In 2003, the European Union adopted a new social indicator, the “in-work at-risk-of-poverty rate”. According to the European definition, the working poor are all workers who live in a household with an equivalised household disposable income below the poverty threshold. This indicator is...

Many studies have analysed the gender pay gap, measuring and decomposing it. Far less empirical research has addressed the gap in total individual (gross or net) income between women and men. However, limiting the scope to earned income masks a substantial share of inequalities in the resources...

This paper examines how child-related public policies influence women's employment in Europe. The analysis compares the difference in employment status between partnered mothers and nonmothers across the EU-15 using a wide range of self-constructed indicators of child policies such as childcare...