employment (geringfügige Beschäftigung) in West Germany. After discussing problems of identifying marginal employment spells, we … document that marginal employment spell vary considerably in the German labor market. Spell duration in our data ranges from … that the duration of marginal employment spells is influenced by institutional factors that favor the employment of …

When German reunification was accompanied by a rapid decline in aggregate fertility rates, researchers particularly … assigned high unemployment rates a dominant role for changes in fertility behavior. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we … investigate changes in the timing of first birth in East Germany after reunification. Using data from the GSOEP, we show that even …