Trademarks (TMs) shape the competitive landscape of markets for goods and services in all countries through branding and conveying information and quality inherent in products. Yet, researchers are largely unable to conduct rigorous empirical analysis of TMs in the modern economy because TM data...

International technological diffusion is a key determinant of cross-country differences in economic performance. While patents can be a useful proxy for innovation and technological change and diffusion, fully exploiting patent data for such economic analyses requires patents to be tied to...

This study describes patterns and trends of intellectual property (IP) use in Brazil, drawing on a new statistical database (BADEPI) containing all IP filings at Brazilian Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI) over the period 2000-2011. This novel database contains a unique set of...

An analysis of FDA-approved new molecular entities reveals dynamism in terms of new innovation. An assessment of the first patent for each drug reveals that the pharmaceutical industry, particularly large, established companies in North America, tend to dominate the field. Over the past 10-15...

High-skilled immigrants are a very important component of U.S. innovation and entrepreneurship. Immigrants account for roughly a quarter of U.S. workers in these fields, and they have a similar contribution in terms of output measures like patents or firm starts. This contribution has been...

The paper looks at brands from an economic point of view. First, we define concepts and set out this approach. Second, we analyze the conditions under which brands are long-lived productive assets and contribute to economic growth. Third, we review and improve the measurement of investment in...

This paper discusses the existing literature on migration and innovation, with special emphasis on empirical studies based on patent and inventor data. Other sources of micro-data are examined, too, for comparative purposes. A pilot database, based on patent filings at the European Patent Office...

For most of the post-war period developing countries have been told that relying on licensing for technology transfer is likely to yield disappointing results. However, this view of licensing has come a full circle as technology services trade has boomed since the 1990s. We outline the main...

By granting universities and public research organizations (PROs) the rights to their own intellectual property (IP) - patents, copyrights, trademarks, utility models, industrial designs - derived from statefinanced research, and allowing them to commercialize their results, governments seek to...