The relationships between leak geometry and detectability are explored with a distinction between steady- and unsteady-state based techniques. Various criteria to evaluate the size and detectability of a leak are first discussed. These criteria can be useful for the benchmarking and the...

As a pre-requisite for optimal urban water resource management, the challenge of devising a comprehensive evaluation method of urban water resource utilization has for years caught the attention of researchers and stakeholders. Yet, even when dealing with the complicated water resource...

This paper develops a multi-objective optimization approach for incorporating the conditional probability of fire flow failure into the design of branched water networks. To this end, a new analytical probabilistic model was developed to quantify the conditional probability of fire flow failure...