In this paper, we provide an overview of the subprime mortgage securitization process and the seven key informational frictions that arise. We discuss the ways that market participants work to minimize these frictions and speculate on how this process broke down. We continue with a complete...

We trace the development of model risk management in U.S. banking against the backdrop of the growing importance of complex financial models in banks, the recognition of model risk, the emergence of model validation as a response to model risk, and the contribution of failures in model risk...

This paper seeks to put forward a framework, from the perspective of practitioners and policymakers, for how the known, unknown, and unknowable vary by risk type within banking. We define total bank risk in terms of earnings volatility, which can be broken down into five major classes of risk:...