We estimate the effects of deregulation of U.S. banking restrictions on the amount of interstate personal income insurance during the period 1970-2001. Interstate income insurance occurs when personal income reacts less than one-to-one to state-specific shocks to output. We find that income...

Stakeholder oriented governance systems are often thought to hamper efficiency. We show that social capital improves the viability of stakeholder-oriented firms in competitive markets. Studying exits from the population of Norwegian savings banks after deregulations, we find that banks located...

We study how non-listed firms trade off financial, real, and distributive uses of cash. We show that firms' marginal value of cash (MVC) affects the mix of external and internal finance used to absorb fluctuations in cash flows; in particular, high-MVC firms employ substantially more external...