A new class of risk measures called cash sub-additive risk measures is introduced to assess the risk of future financial, non-financial and insurance positions. The debated cash additive axiom is relaxed into the cash sub-additive axiom to preserve the original difference between the numeraire...

The first four conditional moments of the integrated variance implied by the GARCH diffusion process are derived analytically. Based on these moments and on a power series method an analytical approximation formula to price European options under the GARCH diffusion model is obtained. Monte...