This paper introduces and critically analyzes an emerging form of global infrastructure development by China's infrastructure construction companies, known as "integrated investment, construction, and operation" (IICO). This model has been promoted by the Chinese infrastructure industry,...

Do Chinese international construction and engineering contractors (ICEC) in Africa have any agency themselves, or are their strings tightly controlled by the Chinese state? Join Hong Zhang as she unpacks the role of ICECs in China's international economic relations – her findings based on...