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Location of R&D and High-Tech Production by Vertically Integrated Multinationals

Ekholm, Karolina; Hakkala, Katariina - Institutet för Näringslivsforskning (IFN) - 2004

This paper presents evidence that, in Europe, production of high-tech goods is attracted to large markets, while R&D activities tend to be located away from them. In order to explain this phenomenon, we develop a two-country general equilibrium model where firms make separate choices about the...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005419517

Reconciling the Evidence on the Knowledge Capital Model

Braconier, Henrik; Norbäck, Pehr-Johan; Urban, Dieter - Institutet för Näringslivsforskning (IFN) - 2003

The Knowledge Capital Model (KC-model), described in Markusen (2002), encompasses both market size (horizontal) as well as factor endowment (vertical) explanations to why multinational production occurs. Although the KC-model seems intuitively appealing, the empirical support has, so far, been...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005207064

The Effect of Offshoring on Labor Demand: Evidence from Sweden

Ekholm, Karolina; Hakkala, Katariina - Institutet för Näringslivsforskning (IFN) - 2005

We analyze the effects of offshoring of intermediate input production on labor demand in Sweden, distinguishing between … offshoring -- in particular to low-income countries -- tends to shift labor demand away from workers with an intermediate level … of education. Offshoring to high-income countries, which is the largest component of overall offshoring, does not have …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005645415

The effect of offshoring on labor demand : evidence from Sweden

Ekholm, Karolina (contributor); … - 2005

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003209544

High-Technology Subsidies in General Equilibrium: A Sector-Specific Approach

Ekholm, Karolina; Torstensson, Johan - Institutet för Näringslivsforskning (IFN) - 1996

We use a specific-factor model to examine the conditions under which policy-makers are able to increase aggregate production of high-tech goods by production or R&D-subsidies in the short and long run. The difficulties for the policy-makers in designing a subsidy scheme that succeeds in...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010818401

Cumulative Effects of Labor Market Distortions in a Developing Country

Norbäck, Pehr-Johan - Institutet för Näringslivsforskning (IFN) - 1999

This paper considers a small open economy with an input-output industrial structure that creates vertical linkages and multiple equilibria. An imperfect labor market is introduced by assuming unionized labor. It is shown that a deregulation of the labor market may trigger a large discontinuous...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005645338

Trade and Location with Horizontal and Vertical Multi-Region Firms

Ekholm, Karolina; Forslid, Rikard - Institutet för Näringslivsforskning (IFN) - 1998

This paper analyses the effect on agglomeration tendencies of allowing firms to become multi-region firms in a standard model of trade and location. More specifically, we introduce horizontal and vertical multi-region firms into the core-periphery (CP) model developed by Krugman (1991). The...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005645400

Multinational Firms, Technology and Location

Norbäck, Pehr-Johan - Institutet för Näringslivsforskning (IFN) - 1999

This paper analyzes a three-stage optimization problem in which a firm chooses (i) its technology, by deciding on a level of R&D, (ii) whether this technology is to be used in a domestic or in a foreign plant and (iii) the quantity produced and sold on the market. If technology transfer costs...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005419493

Privatization Policy in an International Oligopoly

Norbäck, Pehr-Johan; Persson, Lars - Institutet för Näringslivsforskning (IFN) - 2003

This paper studies privatization policy in an international oligopoly. The argument that equal treatment of foreign investors will be detrimental to domestic welfare by shifting profits from domestic to foreign firms is shown to be less relevant in privatization auctions than in greenfield FDI...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005419497

Privatization as a part of a Liberalization Program in an International Oligopoly

Norbäck, Pehr-Johan; Persson, Lars - Institutet för Näringslivsforskning (IFN) - 2000

This paper determines the equilibrium market structure in an international oligopoly which is opened up by a privatization. Market power is shown to be an important determinant of the equilibrium market structure, when greenfield investment costs are high. When the greenfield investment costs...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005419531