In this paper, we summarize the long run (institutional) evolution of universities in order to identify key models (ideal-types) and the implied motivations of actors. We analyze the university as a medieval guild, its takeover by the State and its decline; we then focus on the emergence of an...

Cet article vise à analyser l’évolution de la discipline « histoire économique », qui se situe aux frontières de deux disciplines aux préoccupations, méthodes et objectifs de plus en plus divergents. Si la science économique se situe – ou souhaite se situer – de plus en plus dans...

We present in this paper the main characteristics and motivations for reforming higher education systems, first in England (a successful process from the point of view of the policy-makers) since the early 80s and then at the European level since the mid-90s. We stress the shift from a...

In this paper we propose an historical sketch of the evolution of the philosophy behind the European policies regarding education and training systems. We stress the latest evolutions as the knowledge-based economy perspective and the neo-schumpeterian perspective. We address some critical...