Portugal and Spain. Portugal and Spain are two countries that share the same peninsular space in the west corner of Europe … two countries (Portugal joined the gold standard while Spain remained off the gold standard). Finally, the Bank of … Portugal and the Bank of Spain exhibit also significant contrasts in their behavior as central banks. …

corporate and independent patents in Spain in the long-term, in order to confirm that independents were also very relevant to …

of intellectual property rights (IPRs) to foreigners in Spain during the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth … IPRs in Spain, the scope of this complex relation is explored. In doing so, our hypothesis is confirmed and distinct …

this paper for the particular case of Spain, a fast growing country in the second half of the twentieth century. It is …

living conditions in northern Spain during late industrialization in the interwar period. We concentrate on the Basque region …

During the decades previous to the Civil War, Spain experienced a rapid process of urbanization, which was accompanied …

This paper studies the origins of trademark registration in Spain and offers, for the first time, data across sectors … backwardness of Spain between 1850 and the 1940s, empirical evidence on trademark registration suggests that, in this field …, Spanish policies and Spanish firms seemed to be well ahead of other countries. Spain was among the pioneering countries in the …

fundamental for Great Britain and its early followers, and even more so for the latecomers and the underdeveloped countries. Spain … consequences they had on the innovation and industrialization processes, especially in underdeveloped countries such as Spain … industrialization processes as well as helping lagging countries such as Spain to catch up with modern societies. …

were. The origins and evolution of corporate patenting in Spain, the effects of compulsory working clauses, the management … analyzing the strategies of Brown Boveri and Babcock Wilcox corporations in Spain. …