intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection in determining innovation in developing countries (South). We show that although … through which the knowledge acquired by emigrants abroad can flow back to the South and enhance the skills of the remaining … workers there. By increasing the size of the innovation sector and the skill-intensity of emigration, IPRs protection makes it …

This research sheds light on the role of product scope on the innovation activity of multinational multi-product firms …. We use patent citation data to break down innovation into two types by measuring the degree to which innovation performed … focus on two features in multinational production: (i) fundamental innovation is geographically more difficult to transfer …