, where violence is endemic and are particularly pronounced among children of poorly educated mothers, implying that violence … exposure to violence during the first trimester of pregnancy leads to a small but precisely estimated increase in the risk of … compounds the disadvantage that these children already suffer as a result of their households' lower socioeconomic status. Our …

We study how prenatal maternal stress, caused by sustained seismic activity, affects birth outcomes in Chile during the … deal with identification issues that have obscured previous estimates. Our findings show that prenatal maternal stress … seems to affect fetal growth, because infants born to mothers exposed to earth tremors in early and/or mid gestation are …

. We show differential impacts by type of transfer: 0-5-year-old children from families receiving the "health" transfer … differences in conditions: while the "education" component imposed conditions only on children of schooling age, the "health …" transfer required regular health checkups of 0-5 year old children. The "health" transfer families were more likely to attend …

children of poorly educated mothers, implying that violence compounds the disadvantage that these children already suffer as a … exposure to violence during pregnancy leads to deterioration in birth outcomes: one extra homicide during the first trimester … of pregnancy increases the probability of low birthweight by around 6 percent. Results are particularly pronounced among …

brink of starvation. We link high-quality military recruits data with objective health measurements for the cohorts born in …