We study how prenatal maternal stress, caused by sustained seismic activity, affects birth outcomes in Chile during the … deal with identification issues that have obscured previous estimates. Our findings show that prenatal maternal stress … seems to affect fetal growth, because infants born to mothers exposed to earth tremors in early and/or mid gestation are …

, where violence is endemic and are particularly pronounced among children of poorly educated mothers, implying that violence … compounds the disadvantage that these children already suffer as a result of their households' lower socioeconomic status. Our …

outcomes varies across pollution media: air pollution has a larger impact on health outcomes than either water or land. And …, within air pollution, releases of carcinogens are particularly problematic for infant health outcomes. We do not, however … - $8.7M, the savings in lives would be valued at $45B - $217.5B. We also find that the effect of toxic exposure on health …

of water pollution deriving from mismanaged drilling and fracturing, absence of adequate regulation framework and …