This chapter reviews academic research on the connections between agglomeration and innovation. We first describe the … conceptual distinctions between invention and innovation. We then describe how these factors are frequently measured in the data …, industrial diversity) that theoretical and empirical work link to innovation, and we discuss factors that help sustain these …

have influenced the direction of innovation over the last four decades. Our findings suggest that the demography of …

We provide evidence that risk aversion leads pharmaceutical firms to underinvest in radical andnovel innovation. We do …, reducing their willingness to investin potentially valuable radical innovation …