' transitions within the informal sector and between informal and formal employment. A binary logit model is applied to General … wage employed informal workers are likely to transit to formal employment, the likelihood being higher for the upper …-tier informal wage employed. While informally employed workers have a very high chance of transiting to formal employment, formal …

security of tenure as formal jobs. We examine the likelihood of individuals moving up from informal jobs to formal jobs (and … employed and lower-tier informal wage employed. As expected, our results suggest substantial income gains for workers … 'lower-tier' informal jobs, and somewhat better paid 'uppertier' informal jobs, which do not have the same benefits and …

simulate entitlement to the unemployment insurance benefit and calculate its effect on household disposable income in case … still rests on market income from other household members. Unemployment insurance would reduce the risk of falling into … poverty in case of unemployment and would increase household income stabilization, although to a limited extent. Due to the …

We consider two vertical links between informal- and formal-sector firms and study their implications. In one case, the … final products produced by the formal- and informal-sector firms are vertically differentiated in terms of quality, and the … size of the informal sector demand is related to the income distribution. Our paper studies the implications of this …

We study the effectiveness of social protection benefits in reducing income and consumption poverty in five sub … countries is low in normal times. The effectiveness of benefits to stabilize income and consumption in times of crisis is also … limited because many benefits are linked to proxies of income, not income itself, or have tight eligibility criteria. Social …