This study examines the interplay between trade policy, in particular non-tariff measures (NTMs), and revealed technological comparative advantage (RTA) at the NUTS2 level as drivers of foreign direct investment (FDI) over time. Combining data from the Orbis database (Bureau Van Dijk), the NTMs...

The hope that multinational firms will improve local employment and productivity is a driving force behind policy efforts to attract investment. Such spillovers are often motivated by technological spillovers from foreign to domestic firms. We address this possibility by using the patenting...

On April 2, 2025, President Donald Trump announced a wide-ranging set of "reciprocal tariffs" against many of its trading partners. The calculation of these tariffs have elicited a largely negative reaction in part due to the simple formula used to calculate them. In this note, I provide a model...

An increasing number of international agreements require "nondiscrimination" from their participants, i.e. the government of one country cannot treat foreign firms differently from domestic firms. This is at odds with a government's desire to benefit its own citizens rather than foreign...

Since its conception, some within the European Union have expressed concerns over the ability of multinationals to avoid taxation by undertaking transfer pricing to shift profits towards low tax locations. These concerns have been growing, leading to a renewed call for a common consolidated...

The common consolidated corporate tax base has been suggested as a way to curb tax avoidance by allocating profits across borders via a formula. This paper demonstrates that when transfer pricing occurs both for tariff and tax minimization, that moving from separate accounting to formula...

This paper explores the role of Standard Essential Patents (SEPs) in shaping technological development and regional innovation in Europe's telecommunications sector. Results reveal strong geographic concentration, particularly in Helsinki and Stockholm, which account for one-third of...

A large literature considers the interplay between mergers and acquisitions (M&A) by multinationals and innovation, typically measured as patents. One theme that emerges is that technological similarity plays a role in which M&As occur. The challenge then becomes how to measure technological...

There is a long-standing recognition that innovating firms often have higher employment growth. More recently, there is increasing understanding that innovation is concentrated among a small number of generally large firms. We contribute to this debate by showing that the innovation-employment...

Increasing attention has been given to the fact that some multinational enterprises shift income to tax haven countries, an activity that generates inequality in corporate taxation. Here, we examine how profit shifting relates to wage inequality. Using rich matched employer-employee data from...