Four years after the introduction of the euro, this paper provides an overview of the current structure and integration … of the euro area financial systems and related policy initiatives. We first compare the euro area financial structure … with that of the United States and Japan. Using new and comprehensive financial account data, we also describe how the euro …

introduction of the euro. Using data for bond yield spreads relative to an appropriate benchmark, for the period 1991-2005, we find … the introduction of the euro and are more likely to be interpreted as liquidity premiums. We also estimate empirical …

the 26 largest euro area banking groups. Banks with more customer deposits are negatively affected by negative rates, as …

This paper looks at public and private sector wages interactions since the 1960s in the euro area, euro area countries …