-semester students, although instructors continued to record letter grades. We identify the causal effect of the policy on course choice … and performance, using a regressiondiscontinuity-in-time design. Students shifted to lower-grading STEM courses in the … first semester, but did not increase their engagement with STEM in later semesters. Letter grades of first-semester students …

benchmarks induced students to devote more time to educational activities and to increase the quality of effort toward, and … engagement with, their studies; students also allocated less time to other activities such as work and leisure. While the … incentives did not generate impacts after eligibility had ended, they also did not decrease students' inherent interest or …

We evaluate the effect of performance-based scholarship programs for postsecondary students on student time use and … effort and whether these effects are different for students we hypothesize may be more or less responsive to incentives. To … do so, we administered a time-use survey as part of a randomized experiment in which community college students in New …