Previous international climate change agreements have primarily been driven by states, such as the UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, followed by the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 and the Paris Agreement in 2015. Perhaps due to the national focus of these...

With the Framework Directive 92/75/EEC on Energy Labelling of Household Appliances, the European Union introduced a labelling system that applies to major household appliances. The EU Directive requires manufacturers to provide the data strip (accurate product energy consumption information)...

The increasing number of energy and climate targets both at national and international level induces a rising demand for regular monitoring. In this paper, we analyse the possibilities and limits of using energy efficiency indicators as a tool for monitoring these targets. We refer to the energy...

The policy mix for industry decarbonization in Germany currently undergoes substantial changes. While in the past, it focused strongly on measures supporting and regulating energy efficiency, while in recent years instruments were added that aim at deep decarbonization of industrial production...

In this paper, we estimate the effects of COVID-19 on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in Germany in 2020 at the sectoral and national level. Counterfactual emissions are estimated based on autoregressive econometric models and distinguish between different factors of emissions based on...

Energy poverty, characterized by a lack of access to reliable and affordable energy services, persists to be a critical global challenge with far-reaching socio-economic implications. As this also remains to be an urgent issue in the EU, measures alleviating energy poverty are critical to ensure...

Complying with the goals of the Paris Agreement on climate protection will require a substantial decarbonization of the global energy system by the second half of the century. Developing countries and emerging economies already account for more than half of global energy related emissions....