Improving electricity access in low-income countries is a challenging problem because of the high costs of grid … extension and low demand for grid electricity in rural areas. This study elucidates these constraints by analyzing poor … households' willingness-to-pay for different types of electricity access, including lower cost off-grid technologies. The …

This paper conducts an assessment of the global costs for expanding, upgrading, and improving irrigation infrastructure … in developing countries, along different future scenarios toward 2050. It uses the GLobal BIOsphere Management Model, a … partial equilibrium model of the global agricultural and forestry sectors. It examines the impacts of irrigation expansion on …

In Addis Ababa, an increasing block tariff has been used to calculate households' monthly bills for electricity and … water services. This study estimates the magnitudes of the combined water and electricity subsidies received by households … with private connections to the electricity grid and piped water network in 2016, and it evaluates the distribution of …

. This paper shows that daily electricity consumption and monthly nighttime light intensity can proxy for economic activity … remained a quarter below normal levels throughout April. It recovered somewhat subsequently, but electricity consumption was on … electricity consumption halved in some, others were not affected at all. Part of the heterogeneity is explained by the prevalence …

, including increased water extraction, poor irrigation management, and sea-level rise. To date no study has attempted to quantify … regional agricultural productivity to changes in water salinity. To do so, it utilizes several local and global data sets on …

This paper documents the practical experience of deploying index insurance in a tropical country whose agriculture is … dependent on dual sources of water: rainfall and irrigation. The paper introduces an innovative hybrid index insurance product …

requirements. High-frequency data from three irrigation schemes in Mozambique reveal patterns consistent with inefficiency in …Management of common-pool resources in the absence of individual pricing can lead to suboptimal allocation. In the … context of irrigation schemes, this can create water scarcity even when there is sufficient water to meet the total …

revenue per employee, value added per employee, total factor productivity, and employment growth. Improving the management …Using the management and operational practices survey in the Russian Federation, this paper finds that an average … Russian manufacturing firm adopts 43 percent of the structured management practices (a score of 0.43), a value that is far …

' employment, accounting for the complexity of measuring rural women's labor force participation, as well as data on social … Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda Living Standards and Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture, as well as … issues to consider when examining rural women's employment in socioeconomic surveys, as well as a survey research agenda to …

change was to narrow the definition of employment to work for pay or profit. By the revised standards, farming that is only … or mainly intended for own use is no longer considered employment, and such a farmer is no longer considered to be … employed or in the labor force. This paper analyzes the implications of the revised standards on measures of employment in Sub …