There is substantial evidence that with the progressive global decline in tariffs over several decades, trade costs are … a more significant barrier to trade than tariffs, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper decomposes trade costs … into three categories: costs that can be lowered by trade facilitation, nontariff barriers, and the costs of business …

Evidence indicates that trade costs are a much more substantial barrier to trade than tariffs are, especially in Sub …-Saharan Africa. This paper decomposes trade costs into: (i) trade facilitation, (ii) non-tariff barriers, and (iii) the costs of … of trade costs in: (i) the East African Customs Union?Common Market of East and Southern Africa?South African Development …

Given the growing importance of commitments to foreign investors in services in regional trade agreements, it is … the model to assess its regional and multilateral trade options, focusing on commitments to foreign investors in services …