sector, as well both measuring barriers to trade and investment (generally with a mix of firm surveys, price comparisons, and … are highlighted. The first is identification of how trade in services takes place and how market access is therefore …

incorporate modern trade theory to assess the gender implications of trade reform. Given that the Dixit-Stiglitz framework results …

Based on a novel approach to measuring the cost of trade in services for Modes 1 (cross-border supply), 2 (consumption … abroad), and 4 (temporary movement of service suppliers), developed by the World Trade Organization Secretariat, this pper … reviews available evidence on factors affecting trade costs for services supplied via a commercial presence in a host country …

trade integration of the Arab world. Further integrating Arab countries among themselves and opening up the region to the … ambitious trade agenda in the context of the Pan-Arab Free Trade Area would be a good place to start. Although difficult and … free movement of goods within the Pan-Arab Free Trade Area, notably through the elimination of unnecessary non …

There is substantial evidence that with the progressive global decline in tariffs over several decades, trade costs are … a more significant barrier to trade than tariffs, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper decomposes trade costs … into three categories: costs that can be lowered by trade facilitation, nontariff barriers, and the costs of business …

integrate faster internally than vis-?-vis the rest of the world: policies applied to trade with other ASEAN countries were … virtually the same as those applied to trade with rest of the world. Moreover, the recent commitments scheduled under AFAS did … not produce significant liberalization and, in a few instances, services trade policy actually became more restrictive …

logistics services, their trade dimension, and how regulatory issues act as perhaps one of the most significant barriers to … competitiveness. The paper discusses recent developments and the role and benefits of logistics services and argues that from a trade … logistics services from a services trade perspective and proposes that trade agreements should ensure access to and use of the …

An important question in the design of bilateral and regional free trade agreements (FTAs) covering services is to what … extent nonmembers benefit from the trade preferences that are negotiated among members. This question is resolved through …