This report reviews the literature on the links between energy access, welfare, and gender in order to provide evidence … on where gender considerations in the energy sector matter and how they might be addressed. Prepared as a background … document for the 2012 World Development Report on Gender Equality and Development, and part of the Social Development …

persistence, and women's occupational constraints-- with particular emphasis on the role of access to infrastructure. The first … several gender-based or gender-related experiments -- a reduction in the cost of child rearing, improved wage equality in the … promoting the role of women in growth strategies …

This paper draws on history, anthropology, and economics to examine the dynamics and extent of women's contribution to … education and the persistence of gender discrimination in labor force participation; it also considers the overwhelming … gender gaps enhances growth in per capita gross domestic product and reduces female fertility rates and infant mortality. The …

Bringing together history and economics, this paper presents a historical and processual understanding of women …'s economic marginalization in Sub-Saharan Africa from the pre-colonial period to the end of colonial rule. It is not that women … major arguments. First, it discusses the historical processes through which the labor of women was increasingly appropriated …

reduce poverty. This paper describes the main mechanisms through which demographic change may affect economic outcomes, and … estimates the association between changes in the share of working-age population with per capita growth, savings, and poverty … poverty reduction …

-case, "pessimistic," path to that goal would see the developing world outside China returning to its slower pace of growth and poverty … lift one billion people out of poverty. The more optimistic path would maintain the (impressive) progress against poverty …

This paper is the first to show that excess mortality among adult women can be partly explained by strong preference … pooled individual-level data for India, the paper compares the age structure and anemia status of women by the sex of their … first-born and uncovers several new findings. First, the share of living women with a first-born girl is a decreasing …

consequences of dropping out and how it mediates the effects of such programs. The analysis finds that women make decisions in a …