Summary Research suggests that education has a limited effect on subsistence farm productivity. Yet, rural incomes include more than farming as households diversify their income portfolios. Furthermore, education may affect the number of labor hours supplied. Utilizing data from Peru, this paper...

We use data on households’ bribery of public officials in Peru and Uganda to analyze the distribution by income of the burden of bribery, the mechanisms leading to it, and the payoffs to bribery. We show the burden of bribery is not borne disproportionately by the poor. Among bribers, the poor...