This paper tests for the assumption that remittances are a substitute for credit by comparing the response to health-related shocks among national and transnational households using Mexican household panel data. While the occurrence of serious health shocks that required hospital treatment...

In the forest–livelihoods literature, forests are widely perceived to provide both common safety nets to shocks and resources for seasonal gap-filling. We use a large global-comparative dataset to test these responses. We find households rank forest-extraction responses to shocks lower than...

We explore the impact of the insurgency and military deployment on the livelihoods of local communities in Afghanistan. We use monthly wages and commodity prices at the provincial level over the period 2003–09 and look for their response to conflict events and ISAF deployment. Overall we find...