Zambia’s land policies privilege agricultural land alienation by wage earners over local smallholder farmers. As a result, land title holders are not statistically significantly different from non-title holders in terms of agricultural productivity, despite greater access to investment capital...

This paper critically examines the dimensions of market access. Using farm panel survey data from Kenya, we investigate changes in ten indicators of market access during the 1997–2010 post-liberalization period. We find major improvements in certain market access conditions and little change...

In this paper we analyze the impact of private food standards on the export performance of asparagus export firms in Peru. We use 18-year panel data from 87 firms and apply fixed effects and GMM models. We do not find any evidence that certification to private standards in general and to...

We analyze the adoption of mineral fertilizer in South-Kivu. We model technology adoption as a three-step-process, including awareness, tryout, and adoption; and empirically analyze these steps using cross-sectional farm-household data, and bivariate and Heckman selection probit models. We find...

Summary In the debate on trade and poverty it is argued that standards act as trade barriers and cause marginalization of the poor. This paper quantifies income and poverty effects of high-standards trade and integrates labor market effects, by using company and household survey data from the...