The East Asian financial crisis has spawned a number of proposals for institutional reform. Some envisage reforming existing institutions, particularly the International Monetary Fund (IMF), while others suggest that new institutions are needed. Amongst them is the idea of establishing an Asian...

The concept of globalisation has received a great deal of popular attention in recent years. However, the term is often used quite loosely. When defined to mean closer international economic integration, the evidence shows that the extent of globalisation may easily be exaggerated. This article...

The dilemma facing policymakers is how to combine the instruments they have available in the form of fiscal, monetary and exchange rate policy to achieve the targets of internal and external balance. Shortly before the global economic and financial crisis in 2008 most economies appeared to be...

This paper summarises recent trade reforms in India and documents the extent to which the country has integrated with the global trading system. The paper argues that India has made important strides since the initiation of reforms in 1991. Although it lags significantly behind most of East Asia...

In the midst of a lively debate about international monetary reform at the beginning of the twenty-first century, there seemed to be a broad consensus about exchange rate policy in developing and emerging economies; that they should opt for one of the extremes in the form of either firm fixity...

The IMF presents multilateral surveillance as one of its core responsibilities and has recently sought to enhance this role via a series of multilateral consultations with systemically important countries, designed to coordinate exchange rate and macroeconomic policy in order to reduce the...

In the sequence of currency crises in emerging economies in the 1990s, there was an observed reluctance to devalue the exchange rate. Although ultimately adopted, the decision to devalue was usually delayed, often until it could no longer be avoided. While economic explanations of delay are...

Since the annual meetings of the IMF in September 2005, its Managing Director, Rodrigo de Rato, has been publicizing a medium-term strategy for the institution based on the organizing principle of globalization. Mr de Rato presents the challenges facing the Fund as global economic imbalances,...