Firms can use different sources of external knowledge for developing and implementing innovations. Some knowledge is … provided deliberately by the source and constitutes intended knowledge spillovers, e.g., knowledge disclosed in publications or … patent files. Other sources represent unintended knowledge spillovers, such as reverse engineering of technologies or hiring …

knowledge areas that are new to them, versus firms seeking to exploit their existing knowledge base. We make this distinction by … using a novel approach, based on the knowledge challenges that firms face when innovating. By merging firm-level survey data … knowledge areas, can result in more radical innovation and turnover from radical innovation, compared to firms seeking to …

withdrawal of its services from mainland China to assess the importance of access to information for the knowledge production … function of scientific scholars in the field of economics. For economists, a type of scholar with a simple knowledge production …