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The impact of public basic research on industrial innovation : evidence from the pharmaceutical industry
Toole, Andrew A. - 2011 - This version: March 2011
While most economists believe that public scientific research fuels industry innovation and economic growth, systematic … size as a significant driver of drug innovation in the pharmaceutical industry, but they did not find any evidence … supporting science-driven innovation from publicly funded research. This paper uses new data on biomedical research investments …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009374417
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Business R&D and the interplay of R&D subsidies and market uncertainty
Czarnitzki, Dirk (contributor); Toole, Andrew A. (contributor) - 2006
The literature suggests that public research and development (R&D) subsidies may reduce market failures affecting private R&D investment caused by incomplete appropriability of knowledge and financial constraints due capital market imperfections. Drawing on the theory of investment under...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003359654
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Patent protection, market uncertainty, and R&D investment
Czarnitzki, Dirk (contributor); Toole, Andrew A. (contributor) - 2006
The real options investment theory shows that greater uncertainty about market revenues reduces current R&D investment by increasing the value of waiting. This paper presents empirical evidence that patent protection mitigates the effect market uncertainty on R&D investment.
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003359656
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Life scientist mobility from academe to industry : does academic entrepreneurship induce a costly "brain drain" on the not-for-profit research sector?
Toole, Andrew A. (contributor); Czarnitzki, Dirk (contributor) - 2007
who start or join for-profit firms using information from the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program and …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003607671
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Does public scientific research complement industry R & D investment? : The case of NIH supported basic and clinical research and pharmaceutical industry R & D
Toole, Andrew A. (contributor) - 2005
This research investigates the hypothesis that publicly funded scientific research complements private R&D investment in the pharmaceutical industry. New microlevel data on public research investment by the U.S. National Institutes of Health allow measures of basic and clinical research in seven...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003224327
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Does Wikipedia matter? : the effect of Wikipedia on tourist choices
Hinnosaar, Marit; Hinnosaar, Toomas; Kummer, Michael E.; … - 2015
We analyze the impact of information on Wikipedia on tourists' choices for travel destinations. Our results suggest a strong observational correlation between the amount of content on Wikipedia and tourist overnight stays. We propose a check of whether this correlation is causal. For that, we...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011421757
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Economic downturn and volunteering : do economic crises affect content generation on Wikipedia?
Kummer, Michael E.; Slivko, Olga; Zhang, Michael - 2015
In this paper, we address the impact of surging unemployment on online public good provision. Specifically, we ask how drastically increased unemployment affects voluntary contributions of content to the online encyclopedia Wikipedia. We put together a monthly country-level data set, which...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011381947
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Spillovers in networks of user generated content : evidence from 23 natural experiments on Wikipedia
Kummer, Michael E. - 2013
Endogeneity in network formation hinders the identification of the role social networks play in generating spillovers, peer effects and other externalities. This paper tackles this problem and investigates how the link network between articles on the German Wikipedia influences the attention and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010204042
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Spillovers in networks of user generated content : pseudo-experimental evidence on Wikipedia
Kummer, Michael E. - 2014
I quantify spillovers of attention in a network of content pages, which is challenging, because such networks form endogenously. I exploit exogenous variation in the article network of German Wikipedia to circumvent this problem. Wikipedia prominently advertises one featured article on its main...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010468371
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Economic downturn and volunteering : do economic crises affect content generation on Wikipedia?
Kummer, Michael E.; Slivko, Olga; Zhang, Michael - 2016 - This Version: February 2016
In this paper, we address the impact of surging unemployment on online public good provision. Specifically, we ask how drastically increased unemployment affects voluntary contributions of content to the online encyclopedia Wikipedia. We put together a monthly country-level data set, which...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011478744