between patents on university-discovered inventions and university start-ups; however, it substantially decreased the volume … of patents with the largest decrease taking place in faculty-firm patenting relationships …

innovation. While previous studies have often considered patents and trade secrets as substitutes for one another, we investigate …This paper tests a number of hypotheses on the use and effectiveness of patents and trade secrets designed to protect … the complementary role of the two protection methods. We identify protection strategies for single innovation firms and …

We analyze the impact of the probabilistic nature of patents on the functioning of Germany’s bifurcated patent … indicate that 12% of infringement cases in which the patent’s validity is challenged produce such ‘invalid but infringed …’ decisions. We also show that having to challenge a patent’s validity in separate court proceedings means that more resource …

-level support for the notion that labor mobility stimulates overall innovation of a country or region due to knowledge transfer. …

This paper aims to shed light on the role of technological opportunities for green innovation by studying the case of … Green ICT innovation. We test two hypotheses: (1) Firms active in low-opportunity technological areas are less innovative … Office with firm-level data from the German Innovation Panel (Mannheim Innovation Panel). The results are based on dynamic …

market positions of firms, and that firms dispute not only about single patents but often about portfolios. Consequently …, this paper examines the occurrence of IP litigation cases in Belgian firms using the 2013 Community Innovation Survey with … supplemental information on IP litigation and patent portfolios. The rich survey information regarding firms’ general innovation …

test this mechanism for the case of research activity. By combining information on patents, firm ownership data and …