In the recent years, a growing of theoretical and empirical literature has developed a paradigm in which the extent of financial intermediation and the rate of economic growth are endogenously determined. Financial intermediaries emerge to reduce the information asymmetries, extending corporate...

Tobin’s Q model is one of the economic models for evaluation of companies, proposed by Tobin in 1968 and represents the ratio of the market value of the companies’ shares plus the book value of its debts to the book value of its assets. It seems that one reason for the difference in...

Decision making about payment of profi t and its value are as important subjects in management fi eld of company. Because, in this process, quantity of money must be paid to investors and quantity of money must be collected for future investment must be determined. Financial support from...