We study the incidental parameter problem for the "three-way" Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood ("PPML") estimator recently recommended for identifying the effects of trade policies and in other panel data gravity settings. Despite the number and variety of fixed effects involved, we confirm...

We consider estimation and inference for a regression coefficient in panels with interactive fixed effects (i.e., with a factor structure). We demonstrate that existing estimators and confidence intervals (CIs) can be heavily biased and size-distorted when some of the factors are weak. We...

A popular approach to perform inference on a target parameter in the presence of nuisance parameters is to construct estimating equations that are orthogonal to the nuisance parameters, in the sense that their expected first derivative is zero. Such first-order orthogonalization may, however,...

This paper investigates the construction of moment conditions in discrete choice panel data with individual specific fixed effects. We describe how to systematically explore the existence of moment conditions that do not depend on the fixed effects, and we demonstrate how to construct them when...

We consider estimation and inference for a regression coefficient in panels with interactive fixed effects (i.e., with a factor structure). We show that previously developed estimators and confidence intervals (CIs) might be heavily biased and size-distorted when some of the factors are weak. We...

In this paper we study the least sqares (LS) estimator in a linear panel regression model with interactive fixed effects for asymptotics where both the number of time periods and the number of cross-sectional units go to infinity. Under appropriate assumptions we show that the limiting...

We extend the Berry, Levinsohn and Pakes (BLP, 1995) random coefficients discrete choice demand model, which underlies much recent empirical work in IO. We add interactive fixed effects in the form of a factor structure on the unobserved product characteristics. The interactive fixed effects can...

Fixed effects estimators of nonlinear panel data models can be severely biased because of the well-known incidental parameter problem. We develop analytical and jackknife bias corrections for nonlinear models with both individual and time effects. Under asymptotic sequences where the...

We analyze linear panel regression models with interactive fixed effects and predetermined regressors, e.g. lagged-dependent variables. The first order asymptotic theory of the least squares (LS) estimator of the regression coefficients is worked out in the limit where both the cross sectional...

In this paper we study the least squares (LS) estimator in a linear panel regression model with unknown number of factors appearing as interactive fixed effects. Assuming that the number of factors used in estimation is larger than the true number of factors in the data we establish the limiting...