Many Latin American governments have radically restructured their old age income security systems, starting with Chile's 1981 pension reform. The reforms move national pension system from purely social to largely individual responsibility; from risk pooling to individual savings accounts. They...

The note looks at what it takes for countries, and firms to "learn how to learn". Education is vital, for at least two reasons. First, it has always been a critical complement to technological advance. Emerging evidence suggests that the knowledge transfer benefits of foreign direct investment...

This note synthesizes the findings of research on trade and labor in the region, including World Bank studies on: (i) trade and job quality, (ii) informality, and (iii) labor policies in the region. First, the evidence on the relationship between trade liberalization, macro-restructuring and...