This paper examines the concept of hegemony and its historical impacts on the Arabic and Islamic countries. It is foreseen that has long path applied by the Western countries as disclosed by trade applications and history of economic thought. Impacts on Arabic and Islamic countries were visible...

The deposit-refund-system combines a tax between producer and consumer that is refunded if the packaging is used for recycling. This system can be used for plastic, cardboard and aluminum packaging, in addition to batteries, and electronic machinery. The deposit-refund system is based on...