Currently, oil is considered as the most important commodity in our planet. It exceeds third of the international trade while world transportation, electricity, agriculture, and industry depend on oil. Economists have different opinions regarding issue of cause and effect of oil industry and...

This paper aims to develop an Islamic intertemporal model of the current account based on the prevailing theoretical and empirical literature of PVMCA (Obstfeld and Rogoff 1996, Cerrato et al. 2014). The proposed model is based on the budget constraint of present and future consumption, which...

This paper aims to develop an Islamic intertemporal model of the current account based on the prevailing theoretical and empirical literature of PVMCA (Obstfeld and Rogoff 1996, Cerrato et al. 2014). The proposed model is based on the budget constraint of the present and future consumption,...

This paper aims to develop an Islamic intertemporal model of the current account based on the prevailing theoretical and empirical literature of PVMCA (Obstfeld and Rogoff 1996, Cerrato et al. 2014). The proposed model is based on the budget constraint of the present and future consumption,...

This paper aims to develop an Islamic intertemporal model of the current account based on the prevailing theoretical and empirical literature of PVMCA (Obstfeld and Rogoff 1996, Cerrato et al. 2014). The proposed model is based on the budget constraint of the present and future consumption,...

Micro, small and medium sized enterprises (M/SMEs) are a dynamic force for sustained economic growth and job creation. They are a valid, crucial component of a vibrant industrial society.M/SMEs stimulate private ownership and entrepreneurial skills; they are flexible and can adapt quickly to...

Most developing and underdeveloped countries beside Sudan suffer from the low levels of income in addition to the low savings that are result from the lack of sophisticated savings channels. Hence, the investment depends on the individual's abilities on self savings, where the investment is...

Catastrophes in Sudan are of many dimensions. Food security is a chronic and intrinsic problem in Sub Saharan Africa which is a fact recognized by the international society. Political instability, civil wars and finally recent secession of its Southern part is another fact which may be taken as...