The deposit-refund-system combines a tax between producer and consumer that is refunded if the packaging is used for recycling. This system can be used for plastic, cardboard and aluminum packaging, in addition to batteries, and electronic machinery. The deposit-refund system is based on...

Water pollution is a chronic crisis in Sudan that is rarely researched. However, it is combined with scarcity, disputes and uncertainty. In The current paper we introduce its concepts with emphasis on the growing problems of pollution combined with scarcity. A Case study of the growing problem...

Iraq today is a group of oil states funny and melodramatic paradox at the same time, despite what this country owned by huge oil reserves, has failed so far, the administration of the Gaza crude oil production to reach operational productivity to a level equivalent to the possibility of...