This paper examines the concept of hegemony and its historical impacts on the Arabic and Islamic countries. It is foreseen that has long path applied by the Western countries as disclosed by trade applications and history of economic thought. Impacts on Arabic and Islamic countries were visible...

Reciprocal loans are loans that are conditional on each other; a lender stipulates that the borrower provides him a simultaneous or deferred loan in exchange for his loan. The prohibition may approach this transaction from two angles; one is the possibility of the occurrence of Riba as the...