work effectively. However, a culture of accountability can be built overtime when adequate institutions and incentives are … governance structures on the quality and equity of access in three public services: basic education, drinking water supply and … roads. Governance reforms analyzed referred mostly to decentralization, formal processes of citizen’s participation and …

leader accountability, taking into account that there is an autocratic upper government. We exploit variation in the timing … accountability. …

of accountability remains regardless of the financing sources of capital spending, including a reallocation from current …-fostering effect, for any level of government accountability. We highlight that it is the type of institutions affecting the state … affecting citizen-citizen relations. Our interpretation of the distinct role of government accountability in this nexus is that …

of the state's extractive technology. We posit further that this extractive technology is determined by the transparency … transparency of the new farming technology. We then apply our theory to explain key institutional features that distinguished …

paper, I argue that it is the political and economic transparency that arises out of democracies that leads to this relative … transparency is incorporated into the analysis democracy actually appears to increase volatility, whilst transparency is seen to …

We propose a theory by which geographic variations in the transparency of the production process explain cross … geography and these institutions, we posit, is via the effect of transparency on the state's extractive capacity. We apply our …