Panel data are a result of repeating observations of a group of units, e.g. households, firms, but also whole economies with some common characteristics as EU15, transition economies a . s. o. So, more details are available enabling to analyze a changing economic structure and its reasoning....

Panel data are specific data where cases are observed at two or more time periods. This approach brings many advantages: larger dataset, decreasing collinearity between exogenous variables and using advanced econometric models. The panel data models were applied to data from the Household Budget...

Panel data are increasingly being used in both macro- and micro-level studies of economic problems. Macro-panel data (i denotes countries) are characteristic by sufficiently long time series to be able to analyze panel spurious regression and panel cointegration. According to the main stream of...

We consider two markets in our model: wholesale, where producers' supply interacts with distributors' demand, and retail with distributors' supply and consumers' demand. The wholesale market determines the producer price index (PPI), production and indirectly also employment. In the retail...

The book deals with theoretical concepts and ways of practical implementation of information sytems in companies. A successful information system project has to be based on the information strategy of the company. Taking the business strategy into consideration the information system value for...

The goal ot this article is a short analysis and an explication of the words - Coaching and Managerial audit, and a connection of these notions in such way, so as you understand that the Coaching can be another very suitable component of a procedure for pursuance of the Managerial audit.

The paper deals with personal coaching as one of the modern and effective managerial techniques used in a sphere of human resources management. To achieve better harmony and sustainable consistence between the interests of employees, managers and owners, coaching facilitate to a better economic...

One of the employer's problems in his relationship to the employee is limited enforceability of work-quality. There are two types of instruments: the employer has at hand while motivating employees for higher efficiency - higher wage as a carrot and monitoring as a stick. These two instruments...

This paper deals with the narrowing the income gap between the Central and East European New Member States (NMS-5) and the EU-25 and with the trade-off between the real and nominal convergence. The methodology is based on international standards enabling comparisons of macroeconomic indicators,...

Economic growth of the Czech Republic differed strongly in two periods: 1996-1999 and 2000-2004. While in the first period the economy was hit by the recession and the average annual rate of growth of GDP reached only 0,9 %, in the second period the growth accelerated to 3,2 %. The economic...