This paper provides a non-technical discussion of the incomplete contracting approach to the theory of the firm developed by Grossman and Hart (1986). This approach offers an answer to the questions regarding the boundaries of the firm first raised by Coase (1937).

The theory of contracts is one of the most active research areas in economics. While classic contract theory failed to account for institutions such as property rights and authority, the theory of incomplete contracts has overcome these conceptual problems and produced a variety of interesting...

In this paper we discuss "lock in effects" and "hold-up problems" (which occur when relationship-specific investments are sunk).

This paper offers a non-technical discussion of the literature on the theoretical foundations of the incomplete contracting approach.