Auch wenn die Sanktionen gegen Russland bis jetzt nicht die erhoffte politische Wirkung erzielt haben, lässt das, nach Ansicht von Thieß Petersen, Bertelsmann Stiftung, nicht auf ein Scheitern dieser Sanktionen schließen. Die Sanktionen zeigten bereits ökonomische Wirkungen, wobei die...

External sanctions are one of the most commonly used foreign policy tools to confront states’ undesired behavior and to support democracy as well as human rights. The literature has recurrently identified the impact of sanctions on domestic opposition movements as crucial for such measures’...

Unkonventionelle Partizipation in autoritären Regimen wird in der Regel als Bedrohung für das politische System und als Beitrag zu seiner Demokratisierung gesehen. Diese Sicht-weise vernachlässigt allerdings, dass Proteste nicht unbedingt gegen das System gerichtet sind und dass die...

In the course of globalization, the intensity of global interactions between nations, firms, and civil society actors has increased significantly and has led to the creation of transnational norm-building networks. These have an essential, but little-known influence on all aspects of life...

The article deals with the social mechanism that connects modernization with democratization. Starting from a differentiation theoretical point of view, the paper argues that the major impetus for democratization is rather given by “functional antagonisms” inside the social subsystems than...

Indian parties and the party system in India are only partly consolidated resp. institutionalised, according to the usual criteria, distilled from the experience of Western parties. This is so in spite of the long tradition of Indian parties, their large membership base, organisational...

Formal and informal politics from an institutional perspective: An analytical approach for comparative area studies Formal and informal politics as an object of social science analysis are connected in this paper with an institutional perspective. First, we survey the existing comparatively...