measures of salary discrimination that adjust for measured productivity may be flawed. We derive the magnitude of the bias …

of objectivity can overcome tendencies toward same-group favoritism/opposite-group discrimination. …

The immense literature on discrimination treats outcomes as relative: One group suffers compared to another. But does a … endophilic? This difference matters, as the relative importance of the types of discrimination and their inter-relation affect … or did not contain the students' names, on average we find favoritism but no discrimination by nationality, and neither …