In this paper we make an attempt to extend the WIFO trade-weighted exchange rate index (TWI_ER) by computing export-weighted exchange rate indices for eight Austrian manufacturing industries covering the period from 1995 to 2005. The TWI_ER by manufacturing industries improves upon the previous...

At the center of this study is the identification of the empirically and, thus, policy relevant causes of financial contraction. Our focus is on identifying the "pure" credit-limiting supply effect in order to assess its importance as it is claimed in the theoretical literature.