incorporatingunobserved firm-level heterogeneity using techniques from Arcidiacono and Miller (2007). I use publicly available panel data on … heterogeneity as an unobserved state that raises a firm's research productivity. In my analysis, I find that increased investment in … substitutability of knowledge in product market. This greatly reduced the effectiveness of the policy to spur innovation and limited …

tendering. However, there are companies that also focus on innovation as a competitive parameter in their contribution … about how innovation is dealt with in their respective companies. As well as the importance of information, this study … points to two additional important factors for innovation, namely cooperation with a carefully chosen partner and the …

existing theoretical literature on innovation and entrepreneurship. It summarizes some of the main findings of the effect of … various means of protecting intellectual property on the innovation incentives and the level of entrepreneurship activity. A … resulting prediction is that perfect protection leads to higher innovation incentives. This is puzzling in light of the …

foreign goods. The third essay examines the key forces driving innovation among entrepreneurs of ICT (information and … entrepreneurs to show empirically their relevance in explaining Schumpeterian innovation in the Indian software industry. This study … not only looks at the impact of years of schooling on innovation, but also the types of education received by an …

assumptions regarding the structure of systematic risk and the nature of exposure or firm heterogeneity. We derive fat … further risk reduction is possible by changing the portfolio weights. In either case, neglecting parameter heterogeneity can … heterogeneity can lead to overestimation of risk, whether measured by unexpected loss or value-at-risk. …