Transport contributes to several environmental problems such as climate change, air emissions and noise and is at the same time favoured by significant subsidies. An EEA report identifies European transport subsidies worth at least EUR 270 to 290 billion a year. Road transport receives EUR 125...

12 million EU inhabitants are affected by railway noise during the day and 9 million during the night. This study lists measures, funding and regulations to reduce it. The introduction of modern rolling stock will lower noise most significantly. In the short run, the replacement of cast iron by...

This study developed a methodology to assess revealed personal consumer detriment that robustly measures and quantifies the incidence and magnitude of detriment at EU and national level, taking into account both pre- and post-redress financial detriment and non-financial detriment such as time...

This paper pinpoints the development of the Commission's policy on rail infrastructure charges through to Directive 2001/14.

Since 1988, Sweden’s railways have been vertically separated with (private or public) train operators paying for the use of government-owned railway infrastructure. The present paper scrutinizes today’s charging regime ...

This White Paper refers on revitalising the Community's railways.

This paper examines changing patterns of labour relations innineteenth-century Brazil associated with the building of railways andexpansion of export agriculture. It addresses the 1850s-1880s period,decades when the `labour question' became a pressing issue forcontemporaries. The extinction of...

This paper reassesses and extends Hawke’s passenger railway social savings for England and Wales. Better estimates of coach costs and evidence that third class passengers would otherwise have walked reduce Hawke’s social savings by two-thirds. We calculate railway speeds, and the amount and...

The German railway project “Stuttgart-Ulm” is part of the high-speed line between Paris/France and Budapest/Hungary as well as Bratislava/Slovakia. It includes the parts “Stuttgart 21” (abbreviation of “Stuttgart in 21st century”) and the new railway-line Wendlingen-Ulm (to cross the...